Which of the following defines asynchronous online learning?

Asynchronous online learning is characterized by the flexibility it offers, allowing learners to engage with course material at their own pace without the need for real-time interaction. This type of learning does not necessitate simultaneous participation from instructors and students, thus enabling individuals to access lectures, complete assignments, and discuss topics on their own schedule.

In contrast, learning that occurs only in scheduled classes implies a synchronous format, where learners must be present at specific times for instruction. The requirement for interactions suggests a need for real-time discussion or engagement, which is not a fundamental component of asynchronous learning. Lastly, learning based solely on textbook readings does not encompass the broader range of multimedia and interactive resources often utilized in asynchronous environments, which may include recorded lectures, videos, and discussion boards. Thus, the defining quality of asynchronous online learning is its non-reliance on live participation.