A ________ is awarded after a student has passed an examination process that is based on set standards.

The appropriate term for the completion of an examination process based on established standards is "Certification." This is commonly used in professional fields to indicate that an individual has met specific criteria set forth by a governing body or an organization. A certification signifies that the individual possesses the requisite knowledge and skills to perform a certain role or function competently.

In many professional contexts, certifications are often linked to specific exams that test an individual's proficiency in a particular area. Earning a certification generally involves meeting prerequisites, studying specific content, and passing rigorous assessments. This process ensures a standardized level of competence among professionals in that field.

While other terms like "degree," "license," and "diploma" also pertain to educational or professional accomplishments, they differ in their implications. Degrees typically refer to educational qualifications conferred by colleges or universities after completing a curriculum. Licenses are often granted by governmental bodies and may require ongoing compliance with regulations or continuing education. Diplomas are documents certifying the completion of an academic course but do not necessarily imply a standardized examination based on established criteria. Therefore, 'Certification' is the best fit for the definition provided in the question.